Linux下Python安装

当前环境: Debian WSL 安装Python版本: 3.8.0

安装编译依赖包

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sudo apt update
sudo apt upgrade
sudo apt-get install -y build-essential tk-dev libncurses5-dev libncursesw5-dev libreadline6-dev libdb5.3-dev libgdbm-dev libsqlite3-dev libssl-dev libbz2-dev libexpat1-dev liblzma-dev zlib1g-dev libffi-dev tar wget vim

下载并解压Python源码

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mkdir Downloads
cd /Downloads && wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.8.0/Python-3.8.0.tgz
cd /usr/local/src
# 若为`tar.xz`文件，则`sudo tar -Jxv -f Python-3.8.0.tar.xz`
sudo tar -zxf ~/Downloads/Python-3.8.0.tgz
cd Python-3.8.0

配置编译及安装Python

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./configure --prefix=/usr/local/python3.8 --enable-optimizations
sudo make -j 6 # 如果系统有8核，可以使用-j 8
sudo make altinstall # 或者make install

配置软连接

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sudo ln -s /usr/local/python3.8/bin/python3.8 /usr/local/bin/python3.8
sudo ln -s /usr/local/python3.8/bin/pip3.8 /usr/local/bin/pip3.8

sudo ln -s /usr/local/bin/python3.8 /usr/local/bin/python3
sudo ln -s /usr/local/bin/pip3.8 /usr/local/bin/pip3

测试使用

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python3 --version
pip3 --version
pip3 list

# 升级pipe
sudo pip3 install --upgrade pip -i

# 安装pandans
sudo pip3 install pandas -i

配置源

  1. 编辑文件~/.pip/pip.conf

    [global]
trusted-host=mirrors.aliyun.com
index-url=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple/

  2. 使修改生效

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    source ~/.pip/pip.conf

  3. 测试使用

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    sudo pip3 install pandas